The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a complex array of signals that influence T cell differentiation, impacting immune responses to cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that TLR signaling can modulate adaptive immunity within the TME, particularly by affecting T cell differentiation and polarization. However, the exact mechanisms by which TLR signaling shapes T cell phenotypes in this context remain poorly understood. This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of TLR signaling on T cell differentiation in the TME, focusing on key TLRs expressed by antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we will assess the influence of TLR activation on T cell subsets, including regulatory, effector, and memory phenotypes. By elucidating these pathways, this research could reveal novel insights into the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in cancer, potentially identifying therapeutic targets to enhance anti-tumor immunity.