CO2 is a natural carbon source for autotrophs, especially photoautotrophs. About 258 billion tons of CO2 are fixed as organic matter through photosynthesis every year, demonstrating the remarkable capacity of biotechnology. The rapid development of synthetic biology has endowed infinite possibilities for CO2 conversion, among which the research direction of CO2 conversion into biofuels and chemicals has sprung up recently. Industrial waste gases, including CO2, can be converted into various valuable compounds to achieve carbon-negative manufacturing of chemicals using synthetic biology to transform microorganisms. However, it must be noted that the existing synthetic biology-driven CO2 conversion efficiency and capacity still need to be improved. On the other hand, combining industry, university, and research can genuinely promote the application of related technologies and effectively enable synthetic biology to contribute to the development of carbon neutrality. Therefore, this program will bring together experts and scholars in the field to discuss the current progress of CO2 conversion and feasible solutions to improve the efficiency of CO2 conversion in the future from multiple perspectives.