Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) possess numerous advantages and distinctive features, making them and their composites highly promising for a wide range of applications. In particular, owing to their excellent electrochemical properties, MXenes have attracted significant attention in fields such as energy production, energy conversion, energy storage, catalysis, and electronics. However, the currently prevalent etching methods for MAX phases typically involve hydrofluoric acid or strong acid–fluoride salt mixtures, which pose considerable operational and safety concerns. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative or improved synthesis strategies.

This project aims to develop environmentally friendly synthesis processes to fabricate two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides with tailored surface functional groups for applications in water pollutant sensing. The project also plans to recruit international students to Taiwan to participate in collaborative experimental research, including data collection and manuscript preparation. After returning to their home countries, the students will continue collaborating with our laboratory and contribute to joint publications. In the long term, we aim to encourage these students to pursue further studies in Taiwan. The proposed budget will be used to support the students’ living expenses in Taiwan and to subsidize laboratory consumables required for the research activities.