Regenerative medicine and cell therapy are rapidly advancing worldwide, with Taiwan emerging as a key contributor through the approval of several cell products under the Regenerative Medicine Act. At the forefront of this progress are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, making them highly promising candidates for the treatment of a wide spectrum of inflammatory, autoimmune, and immune-related diseases, as demonstrated by numerous clinical trials across the globe. Despite their therapeutic potential, the effective application of MSCs requires expertise in integrating cell therapy with advanced biomaterials, optimized culture conditions, mitochondrial transfer, and precise immune modulation. MSCs derived from different tissue sources exhibit distinct immunoregulatory properties, which can be strategically leveraged to enhance therapeutic efficacy. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-pronged strategy: (1) the development of biomaterials and culture systems that maximize MSC function, and (2) investigation of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs from diverse sources. Our program provides advanced training in MSC biology, immunology, tissue engineering, and mitochondrial transfer techniques, equipping participants with the skills needed to develop and implement immunomodulatory MSC therapies effectively. This initiative positions Taiwan as a leader in regenerative medicine, fosters international collaboration, and accelerates the global translation of MSC-based immunotherapies into clinical practice. By targeting immune-related and degenerative diseases, this strategy aims to deliver transformative healthcare solutions and establish a model for advancing MSC-based immunomodulation worldwide.