Our laboratory’s research has long focused on elucidating the intricate interplay among mitochondrial function, cellular redox state, and metabolic regulation, and how these factors collectively influence human health and disease progression. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) biosynthesis in pancreatic β-cells leads to increased oxidative stress, consequently impairing insulin secretion. These metabolically stressed β-cells exhibit marked alterations in both metabolomic and proteomic profiles compared with normal cells. Several of these metabolites and proteins have emerged as promising biomarkers for the clinical monitoring and management of patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. To translate these findings into diagnostic applications, we aim to develop aptamer-based biosensing systems for the detection of these biomarkers. Aptamers, composed of RNA or single-stranded DNA with defined three-dimensional conformations, can specifically and strongly recognize target molecules. We will employ an advanced Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) strategy to isolate and optimize aptamers tailored for use in precision health monitoring of metabolic disorders.